The table below collects examples of deliberative or participatory democratic processes that have been institutionalised in legal text. For each, we record the country, current operational status, the nature of the institutionalisation, and excerpts of the relevant legal language — both the clauses that design the process and the clauses that give it binding force.
This work is licensed under the MIT License.
In academic contexts, please cite this work using a citation similar to the following.
Smith, Oliver, Kyle Redman, and Luke Thorburn. 2026. "Deliberation in legal texts." AI & Democracy Foundation. https://ai-democracy.org/deliberation-in-legal-texts/
Here is the BibTeX entry.
@article{deliberation-in-legal-texts2026,
author = {Oliver Smith and Kyle Redman and Luke Thorburn},
title = {Deliberation in legal texts},
journal = {AI \& Democracy Foundation},
year = {2026},
url = {https://ai-democracy.org/deliberation-in-legal-texts/}
}